Coulomb's Law in Media

📊 intermediate

$$F = \frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0 K} \frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2}$$

The force between two point charges placed in a dielectric medium.

Variables & Units

$K$ or $\epsilon_r$

Dielectric constant (Relative permittivity)

Unit: Dimensionless

Key Information

📐 Derived From

Generalization of Coulomb's law for polarizable materials.

💡 Example

Force between ions in water (where $K \approx 80$).

🔧 Applications

Capacitor material selection and biological cell interactions.

⚠️ Constraints

Point charges; isotropic medium.

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