Hooke's Law

📊 beginner

$$F = -kx$$

The force needed to extend or compress a spring is proportional to the distance.

Variables & Units

$F$

Restoring force

Unit: Newton ($N$)

$k$

Spring constant

Unit: $N/m$

$x$

Displacement from equilibrium

Unit: Meter ($m$)

Key Information

📐 Derived From

Empirical observation of elastic materials.

💡 Example

A spring with $k=100 N/m$ stretched by $0.1 m$ exerts $10 N$.

🔧 Applications

Shock absorbers and balance scales.

⚠️ Constraints

Valid only within the elastic limit of the material.

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