Bragg's Equation

📊 advanced

$$n\lambda = 2d \sin \theta$$

Explains why cleavage faces of crystals appear to reflect X-ray beams at certain angles.

Variables & Units

$n$

Order of diffraction

Unit: Integer

$d$

Inter-planar spacing

Unit: Meter ($m$)

$\theta$

Bragg angle

Unit: Degrees

Key Information

📐 Derived From

Constructive interference between waves reflected from atomic planes.

💡 Example

Determining the lattice constant of a NaCl crystal.

🔧 Applications

X-ray crystallography and material analysis.

⚠️ Constraints

Strictly applies to periodic structures.

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