Beer-Lambert Law

📊 intermediate

$$A = epsilon l c$$

Relates the attenuation of light to the properties of the material through which the light is traveling.

Variables & Units

$A$

Absorbance

Unit: Dimensionless

$epsilon$

Molar absorptivity

Unit: $L/(mol cdot cm)$

$l$

Path length

Unit: Centimeter ($cm$)

$c$

Concentration

Unit: Mole/Liter ($mol/L$)

Key Information

📐 Derived From

Empirical observation of light absorption.

💡 Example

Determining concentration of a solution using UV-Vis spectroscopy.

🔧 Applications

Clinical chemistry and environmental monitoring.

⚠️ Constraints

Fails at high concentrations due to molecular interactions.

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