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Formulas

Raoult's Law

The vapor pressure of an ideal solution is dependent on the vapor pressure of each chemical component and the mole fraction of that component present in the solution.

Chemistry
Subject
Physical Chemistry
Sub Subject
Solutions
Chapter
Vapor Pressure
Topic

Raoult's Law

📊 intermediate
$$P_{\text{solution}} = X_{\text{solvent}} P_{\text{solvent}}^\circ$$
The vapor pressure of an ideal solution is dependent on the vapor pressure of each chemical component and the mole fraction of that component present in the solution.
Variables & Units
$P_{\text{solution}}$
Vapor pressure of solution
Unit: $mmHg$ or $Pa$
$X_{\text{solvent}}$
Mole fraction of solvent
Unit: Dimensionless
$P_{\text{solvent}}^\circ$
Vapor pressure of pure solvent
Unit: $mmHg$ or $Pa$
Key Information
📐 Derived From
Thermodynamics of ideal mixtures.
💡 Example
Calculating the lowering of vapor pressure when salt is added to water.
🔧 Applications
Distillation and determining molecular weights.
⚠️ Constraints
Applies to ideal solutions or dilute solutions of non-volatile solutes.

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