Snell's Law

📊 intermediate

$$n_1 sin heta_1 = n_2 sin heta_2$$

Describes the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction for light passing through a boundary between two media.

Variables & Units

$n_1, n_2$

Refractive indices of media

Unit: Dimensionless

$ heta_1$

Angle of incidence

Unit: Degrees or Radians

$ heta_2$

Angle of refraction

Unit: Degrees or Radians

Key Information

📐 Derived From

Fermat's Principle of Least Time.

💡 Example

Light passing from air into water at a $30^circ$ angle.

🔧 Applications

Lens design and fiber optics.

⚠️ Constraints

Valid for isotropic media.

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