Optics

Describes the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction for light passing through a boundary between two media.

Lens relation

Relates the focal length of a lens to the refractive index of its material and the radii of curvature of its surfaces.

Calculates the distance between two consecutive bright or dark fringes in an interference pattern.

Determines the intensity of a beam of polarized light after passing through a polarizer.

An angle of incidence at which light with a particular polarization is perfectly transmitted through a transparent dielectric surface.

Relates focal length, object distance, and image distance for thin lenses.

Ratio of image height to object height, negative indicates inversion.

Condition for constructive interference in diffraction grating.

The distance between two consecutive bright or dark fringes on a screen.

Relates the intensity of a beam of polarized light transmitted through a second polarizer to the angle between the transmission axes.

The measure of the degree of convergence or divergence of light rays by a lens.

Relates object distance, image distance, and focal length of a spherical mirror.

The ratio of the height of the image to the height of the object.

Ratio of the speed of light in vacuum to the speed of light in a specific medium.

Linear magnification produced by a lens.

The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is constant for a given pair of media.

Radius of curvature is twice the focal length for spherical mirrors.

Why an object underwater appears shallower than it is.

Relationship between refractive indices and speeds of light in two media.