Mean Free Path

📊 advanced

$$\lambda = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}\pi d^2 (N/V)}$$

Average distance traveled by a moving particle between successive impacts.

Variables & Units

$\lambda$

Mean free path

Unit: Meter ($m$)

$d$

Diameter of gas molecule

Unit: Meter ($m$)

$N/V$

Number density

Unit: $m^{-3}$

Key Information

📐 Derived From

Kinetic theory of gas collisions.

💡 Example

Calculating how far an air molecule travels before hitting another.

🔧 Applications

Vacuum technology and semiconductor manufacturing.

⚠️ Constraints

Assumes spherical molecules.

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