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Formulas

Thermodynamics

Showing formulas of Thermodynamics

Physics
Subject
Showing 24 of 34 formulas Page 1 of 2

Gibbs Free Energy Change

Chemistry → Thermodynamics → Chemical Energetics → Spontaneity
$$\Delta G = \Delta H - TDelta S$$
Used to predict the spontaneity of a chemical reaction.
📖 Chemistry 📚 Chemical Energetics

Entropy Change

Physics → Thermodynamics → Entropy → Heat
$$\Delta S = \frac{Q}{T}$$
Entropy definition
📖 Physics 📚 Entropy

Stefan-Boltzmann Law

Physics → Thermodynamics → Heat Transfer → Thermal Radiation
$$P = \sigma A T^4$$
The total power radiated from a black body is proportional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature.
📖 Physics 📚 Heat Transfer

Mean Free Path

Physics → Thermodynamics → Kinetic Theory of Gases → Molecular Collisions
$$\lambda = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}\pi d^2 (N/V)}$$
Average distance traveled by a moving particle between successive impacts.
📖 Physics 📚 Kinetic Theory of Gases

Linear Expansion Formula

Physics → Thermodynamics → Thermal Properties → Thermal Expansion
$$\Delta L = \alpha L_0 \Delta T$$
Calculates the change in length of a material due to temperature change.
📖 Physics 📚 Thermal Properties

Work Done by a Gas

Physics → Thermodynamics → Thermodynamic Processes → Pressure-Volume Work
$$W = \int_{V_1}^{V_2} P \, dV$$
The work performed by a gas during expansion or compression.
📖 Physics 📚 Thermodynamic Processes

First Law of Thermodynamics

Physics → Thermodynamics → Energy → Law
$$\Delta U = Q - W$$
Energy conservation
📖 Physics 📚 Energy

Diffusion Equation

Physics → Thermodynamics → Diffusion → Flux
$$J = -D \frac{dC}{dx}$$
Fick's law
📖 Physics 📚 Diffusion

Ideal Gas Internal Energy

Physics → Thermodynamics → Energy → Internal Energy
$$U = \frac{3}{2} nRT$$
Energy of ideal gas
📖 Physics 📚 Energy

Standard Enthalpy of Reaction

Chemistry → Thermodynamics → Thermochemistry → Hess's Law
$$\Delta H_{rxn}^\circ = \sum n\Delta H_f^\circ(\text{products}) - \sum m\Delta H_f^\circ(\text{reactants})$$
Calculates the total heat change in a chemical reaction using standard enthalpies of formation.
📖 Chemistry 📚 Thermochemistry

Pressure of an Ideal Gas (Kinetic Theory)

Physics → Thermodynamics → Kinetic Theory → Gas Pressure
$$P = \frac{1}{3} \frac{Nm\bar{v^2}}{V}$$
Relates the microscopic motion of gas molecules to the macroscopic pressure.
📖 Physics 📚 Kinetic Theory

Efficiency of a Heat Engine

Physics → Thermodynamics → Second Law → Heat Engines
$$\eta = 1 - \frac{Q_L}{Q_H}$$
Measures the fraction of heat energy converted into useful work.
📖 Physics 📚 Second Law

Gibbs-Helmholtz Equation

Chemistry → Thermodynamics → Chemical Energetics → Free Energy
$$\left(\frac{\partial(\Delta G/T)}{\partial T}\right)_P = -\frac{\Delta H}{T^2}$$
Describes the variation of the Gibbs energy with temperature.
📖 Chemistry 📚 Chemical Energetics

Heat Capacity Formula

Physics → Thermodynamics → Calorimetry → Specific Heat
$$Q = mc\Delta T$$
Calculates the amount of heat energy required to change the temperature of a substance.
📖 Physics 📚 Calorimetry

Gibbs Free Energy and Equilibrium

Chemistry → Thermodynamics → Chemical Equilibrium → Spontaneity
$$\Delta G^\circ = -RT \ln K$$
Relates the standard Gibbs free energy change to the equilibrium constant.
📖 Chemistry 📚 Chemical Equilibrium

Pressure-Volume Work (Reversible Isothermal)

Physics → Thermodynamics → Gas Processes → Work Done
$$W = -nRT \ln\left(\frac{V_2}{V_1}\right)$$
Calculates work done by an ideal gas during a reversible isothermal expansion.
📖 Physics 📚 Gas Processes

Stefan's Law (Radiant Intensity)

Physics → Thermodynamics → Heat Transfer → Radiation
$$I = \epsilon \sigma T^4$$
Power radiated per unit area of a body.
📖 Physics 📚 Heat Transfer

Change in Entropy (Reversible Process)

Physics → Thermodynamics → Second Law → Entropy
$$\Delta S = \int \frac{dQ_{\text{rev}}}{T}$$
Definition of entropy change for a system during a reversible process.
📖 Physics 📚 Second Law

Thermal Expansion (Linear)

Physics → Thermodynamics → Thermal Properties → Expansion
$$\Delta L = \alpha L_0 \Delta T$$
Change in length due to temperature change.
📖 Physics 📚 Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

Physics → Thermodynamics → Heat Transfer → Calorimetry
$$Q = mc\Delta T$$
Heat required to change temperature of a substance.
📖 Physics 📚 Heat Transfer

Work Done in Isothermal Process

Physics → Thermodynamics → Gas Laws → Process Work
$$W = nRT \ln\left(\frac{V_2}{V_1}\right)$$
Work done by an ideal gas when temperature is held constant.
📖 Physics 📚 Gas Laws

Hess's Law

Chemistry → Thermodynamics → Thermochemistry → Enthalpy
$$\Delta H_{\text{rxn}} = \sum \Delta H_f(\text{products}) - \sum \Delta H_f(\text{reactants})$$
Total enthalpy change for a reaction is the same regardless of the path taken.
📖 Chemistry 📚 Thermochemistry

Root Mean Square Speed

Physics → Thermodynamics → Kinetic Theory → Gas Speeds
$$v_{rms} = \sqrt{\frac{3RT}{M}}$$
The measure of the speed of particles in a gas.
📖 Physics 📚 Kinetic Theory

Standard Heat of Formation

Chemistry → Thermodynamics → Thermochemistry → Enthalpy
$$\Delta H_f^\circ = H_{\text{compound}} - \sum H_{\text{elements}}$$
Enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements in their standard states.
📖 Chemistry 📚 Thermochemistry
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