Formula Library

The measure of the degree of convergence or divergence of light rays by a lens.

Calculates the change in disorder during a chemical reaction using standard entropy values.

Force per unit length between two infinitely long, parallel current-carrying wires.

Standard integral leading to the inverse tangent function.

Calculates the area of any regular polygon given its number of sides, side length, and apothem.

Newton's universal law of gravitation, including the direction of force (attractive).

Calculates the self-inductance of an air-core solenoid.

The general integral for exponential functions where the base is any positive constant.

The capacity of a pyramid with any polygon base.

The mass of a substance deposited at an electrode is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity passed through the electrolyte.

A measure of the quantity of rotation of an object, taking into its mass and speed relative to an axis.

The rate at which electrical energy is converted into other forms (like heat).

Work required to increase the radius of a spherical soap bubble.

Finds the coordinates of the exact center point between two endpoints in 3D space.

The product of the magnitudes of two vectors and the cosine of the angle between them.

A vector perpendicular to both $\vec{A}$ and $\vec{B}$ with magnitude equal to the area of the parallelogram formed by them.

Total time an object remains in the air when projected at an angle.

The highest vertical point reached by a projectile.

The horizontal distance covered by the projectile.

The speed at which a vehicle can safely turn on a banked road without relying on friction.

The change in momentum resulting from a force acting over a time interval.

Total momentum remains constant in the absence of an external force.

Ratio of relative velocity after collision to relative velocity before collision.

The property of a body to resist changes in its rotational motion.